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Sample Sentences for という
現在完了は、過去～現在という長いスパンを表現するものです。
The present perfect expresses the long span from past to present.
私はメアリーが重病だということを確かに知っています。
I know for certain that Mary is seriously ill.
自分さえよければいいという考え方はやめなさい。もっと他の人のことも考えて行動しないといけないよ。
Stop thinking for your sake only. Think for other people's, too, and act accordingly.
今度来た先生は、先生というより友達みたいだ。
The new teacher is more like a friend than a teacher.
俺は狂気のマッドサイエンティスト、鳳凰院凶真。何を恐れることがあるというのだ！
I’m the insane mad scientist Hououin Kyouma. What do I have to fear?
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Lily Larsen wrotetoday at 6:36 PM
EDIT:
Oops! I think I minsunderstood which 'toiu' you were asking about! Gomen!
Probably more what you are asking about is the hiragana という.
There are a LOT of uses for という... more than I could explain properly. So I will just link you to a very good lesson online that says it better than I ever could!
http://maggiesensei.com/2010/04/24/request-lesson-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86toiu-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%EF%BC%88toiukoto-and-many-more/
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I'm not sure I understand your question.
Here are some examples of its usage, though:
Example 1:
これは何と言いますか。
kore wa nan to iimasu ka.
What is this called?
Example 2:
それは日本語で何と言いますか。
sore wa nihongo de nan to iimasu ka.
What is that called in Japanese?
Example 3:
それは「牛乳」と言います。
sore wa 'gyuunyuu' to iimasu.
That is called 'gyuunyuu'.
Example 4:
腹が減った子供たちはたいてい「お腹がペコペコ」と言います。
hara ga hetta kodomotachi wa taitei 'onaka ga peko peko' to iimasu.
Hungry children often say 'my stomach is peko peko'.
Example 5:
彼女に何と言いましたか。
kanojo ni nan to iimashita ka.
What did you say to her?