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Students often study with music playing in the background, and people working around the house will usually turn on the television or radio to keep them company.
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Vocabulary list

gakusei
noun
  1. student (esp. a university student)
ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
ongaku
noun
  1. music
wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
kakeru

masu stem

kake
ichidan verb, transitive verb
  1. to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to suspend (from); to hoist (e.g. sail); to raise (e.g. flag)
  2. to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to cover; to lay; to spread
  3. to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.)
  4. to make (a call)
  5. to spend (time, money); to expend; to use
  6. to pour (liquid) onto; to sprinkle (powder or spices) onto; to splash; to throw (e.g. water) onto
  7. to turn on (engine, radio, etc.); to set (dial, alarm clock, etc.); to put on (DVD, song, etc.); to use (device, implement, etc.)
  8. to cause (somebody inconvenience, trouble, etc.); to burden (someone); to impose
  9. to multiply (arithmetic operation)
  10. to secure (e.g. lock)
  11. to take a seat; to sit; to rest (something on something else); to support (something on something else)
  12. to bind (also as 繋ける)
  13. to wager; to bet; to risk; to stake; to gamble
  14. to put an effect (spell, anaesthetic, etc.) on
  15. to hold (a play, festival, etc.)
  16. to hold an emotion for (pity, hope, etc.)
  17. to argue (in court); to deliberate (in a meeting); to present (e.g. idea to a conference, etc.)
  18. to increase further
  19. to catch (in a trap, etc.)
  20. to set atop
  21. to erect (a makeshift building)
  22. to apply (insurance)
  23. to pun (on a word); to use (a word) as a pivot word; to play on words
suffix, ichidan verb
  1. to be partway doing ...; to begin (but not complete) ...; to be about to ... (after -masu stem of verb)
  2. to address (someone); to direct (something, to someone); to do (something, to someone) (after -masu stem of verb; indicates an action is being directed to someone)
Suffix after the masu stem of a verb
nagara
particle
  1. while; during; as
benkyou
noun, suru verb
  1. study
  2. diligence
  3. discount; reduction
wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
suru
suru verb (irregular)
  1. to do; to carry out; to perform
  2. to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  3. to serve as; to act as; to work as
  4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  5. to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as (as 〜にする,〜とする)
  6. to decide on; to choose (as 〜にする)
suru verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) (as 〜がする)
  2. to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  3. to be worth; to cost
  4. to pass (of time); to elapse
suru verb (irregular), transitive verb
  1. to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B (as AをBにする)
  2. to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B (as AをBにする)
  3. to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B (as AをBにする)
  4. to feel A about B (as AをBにする)
suffix, suru verb (irregular)
  1. verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
auxiliary verb, suru verb (irregular)
  1. creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  2. to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to (as 〜うとする,〜ようとする)
koto
noun
  1. thing; matter
  2. incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  3. circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  4. work; business; affair
  5. after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
noun, used as a suffix
  1. nominalizing suffix
  2. pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
noun
  1. alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or (as AことB (A = alias, B = real name))
  2. necessity; need (as 〜ことはない)
  3. you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ... (as 〜ことだ)
ga
particle
  1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
  2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
conjunction
  1. but; however; still; and
  2. regardless of; whether (or not) (after the volitional form of a verb)
ooi
i adjective
  1. many; numerous; a lot
  2. large amount of; large quantity of; a lot; much
  3. frequent; common
shi
particle, conjunction
  1. and; besides; moreover; what's more; not only ... but also
  2. because; since (usu. indicates one of several reasons)
  3. the thing is; for one thing (at sentence end; gives reason for an unstated but deducible conclusion)
ie
noun
  1. house; residence; dwelling
  2. family; household
  3. lineage; family name
no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
naka
noun
  1. inside; interior
noun, adverb
  1. among; within
noun
  1. middle; center; centre
noun, adverb
  1. during; while; middle; midst; amid
noun
  1. interval; gap
  2. mean; average
no adjective, noun
  1. second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
noun, no adjective
  1. medium grade; medium quality
noun
  1. red-light district
de
particle
  1. at; in (indicates location of action; にて is the formal literary form)
  2. at; when (indicates time of action)
  3. by; with (indicates means of action)
conjunction
  1. and then; so
auxiliary
  1. and; then (indicates continuing action; alternative form of 〜て used for some verb types)
particle
  1. let me tell you; don't you know (at sentence-end; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.)
shigoto
noun, suru verb
  1. work; job; labor; labour; business; task; assignment; occupation; employment
noun
  1. work
wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
suru

te-form

shite
suru verb (irregular)
  1. to do; to carry out; to perform
  2. to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  3. to serve as; to act as; to work as
  4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  5. to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as (as 〜にする,〜とする)
  6. to decide on; to choose (as 〜にする)
suru verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) (as 〜がする)
  2. to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  3. to be worth; to cost
  4. to pass (of time); to elapse
suru verb (irregular), transitive verb
  1. to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B (as AをBにする)
  2. to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B (as AをBにする)
  3. to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B (as AをBにする)
  4. to feel A about B (as AをBにする)
suffix, suru verb (irregular)
  1. verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
auxiliary verb, suru verb (irregular)
  1. creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  2. to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to (as 〜うとする,〜ようとする)
Suffix after the te form of a verb
iru
ichidan verb, auxiliary verb
  1. to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing (after the -te form of a verb; indicates continuing action or state)
hito
noun
  1. man; person
  2. human being; mankind; people
  3. human (Homo sapiens); humans as a species
  4. character; personality
  5. man of talent; true man
  6. another person; other people; others
  7. adult
ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
kodoku
noun, na adjective, no adjective
  1. solitude; loneliness; isolation
ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
naru

Classical (nu) Present Indicative Negative Form

naranu
godan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to become; to get; to grow; to be; to reach; to attain
  2. to result in; to prove to be
  3. to consist of; to be composed of
  4. to succeed; to be complete
  5. to change into; to be exchanged for
  6. to play a role
  7. to be promoted
godan verb
  1. to do ... (as お+masu-stem+になる, ご+noun+になる, etc.)
youni
expression
  1. in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as)
  2. hoping or wishing for something
you
noun, used as a suffix, noun
  1. appearing ...; looking ... (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb)
  2. way to ...; method of ...ing (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb)
  3. form; style; design (usu. after a noun)
  4. like; similar to (usu. after a noun)
noun
  1. thing (thought or spoken)
ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
terebi
noun
  1. television; TV
  2. TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
ya
particle
  1. such things as ...; and ... and (used for non-exhaustive lists related to a specific time and place)
  2. the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; as soon as (after the dictionary form of a verb)
copula
  1. be; is
interjection
  1. o; oh (punctuational exclamation in haiku, renga, etc.)
  2. huh; what (interjection expressing surprise)
  3. hi
  4. yes; what?
particle
  1. yes?; no?; is it?; isn't it? (indicates a question)
wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
tsukeru
ichidan verb, transitive verb
  1. to attach; to join; to add; to append; to affix; to stick; to glue; to fasten; to sew on; to apply (ointment)
  2. to furnish (a house with)
  3. to wear; to put on
  4. to keep a diary; to make an entry
  5. to appraise; to set (a price)
  6. to allot; to budget; to assign
  7. to bring alongside
  8. to place (under guard or doctor)
  9. to follow; to shadow
  10. to load; to give (courage to)
  11. to keep (an eye on)
  12. to establish (relations or understanding)
  13. to turn on (light)
  14. to produce flowers; to produce fruit (of a plant)
tsukeru
ichidan verb, transitive verb
  1. to turn on; to switch on; to light up
no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ga
particle
  1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
  2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
conjunction
  1. but; however; still; and
  2. regardless of; whether (or not) (after the volitional form of a verb)
futsuu
no adjective, na adjective
  1. normal; ordinary; regular; usual; common; average
adverb
  1. normally; ordinarily; usually; generally; commonly
noun
  1. local train; train that stops at every station
dearu
copula, godan verb (irregular)
  1. be; is
de
particle
  1. at; in (indicates location of action; にて is the formal literary form)
  2. at; when (indicates time of action)
  3. by; with (indicates means of action)
conjunction
  1. and then; so
auxiliary
  1. and; then (indicates continuing action; alternative form of 〜て used for some verb types)
particle
  1. let me tell you; don't you know (at sentence-end; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.)
aru
godan verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be; to exist; to live (usu. of inanimate objects)
  2. to have
  3. to be located
  4. to be equipped with
  5. to happen; to come about

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