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The sea ice is highly variable - frozen solid during cold, calm weather and broken up in large areas of open water during storms.
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Vocabulary list

umi
noun
  1. sea; ocean; waters
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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koori
noun
  1. ice
  2. shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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kiwamete
adverb
  1. exceedingly; extremely; decisively
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kawariyasui
i adjective
  1. changeable; unsettled; inconstant; fickle (e.g. weather)
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kawaru

masu stem

kawari
godan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to change; to be transformed; to be altered; to vary
  2. to move to
  3. to be different; to be uncommon; to be unusual (usu. as 変わった, 変わっている)
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Suffix after the masu stem of a verb
yasui
suffix, i adjective
  1. likely to ...; have a tendency to ... (after -masu stem of verb)
  2. easy to ... (after -masu stem of verb)
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samui

Adverbial Form

samuku
i adjective
  1. cold (e.g. weather)
  2. uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull; weak; corny
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kaze
noun
  1. wind; breeze; draught; draft
noun, noun, used as a prefix
  1. manner; behaviour; behavior
noun
  1. cold; influenza (irreg. kanji form)
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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nai
i adjective (negative)
  1. nonexistent; not being (there)
  2. unowned; not had; unpossessed
  3. unique
  4. not; impossible; won't happen (as ...ことがない, etc.; indicates negation, inexperience, unnecessariness or impossibility)
auxiliary adjective
  1. not (after the ren'youkei form of an adjective)
  2. to not be; to have not (after the -te form of a verb)
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tenkou
noun
  1. weather
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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toki
noun
  1. time; hour; moment (刻 signifies a time of day; 秋 signifies an important time)
noun, adverb
  1. occasion; case
noun
  1. chance; opportunity; season
  2. the times; the age; the day
  3. tense
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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katai

Adverbial Form

kataku
i adjective
  1. hard; solid; tough (esp. 固い and 堅い for wood, 硬い for metal and stone)
  2. stiff; tight; wooden; unpolished (e.g. writing)
  3. strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved)
  4. safe; steady; honest; steadfast
  5. obstinate; stubborn
  6. bookish; formal; stuffy
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kooru

te-form

kootte
godan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to freeze; to be frozen over; to congeal
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Suffix after the te form of a verb
iru
ichidan verb, auxiliary verb
  1. to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing (after the -te form of a verb; indicates continuing action or state)
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ga
particle
  1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
  2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
conjunction
  1. but; however; still; and
  2. regardless of; whether (or not) (after the volitional form of a verb)
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arashi
noun
  1. storm; tempest
  2. uproar; hullabaloo; storm (e.g. of protest); winds (e.g. of change)
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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toki
noun
  1. time; hour; moment (刻 signifies a time of day; 秋 signifies an important time)
noun, adverb
  1. occasion; case
noun
  1. chance; opportunity; season
  2. the times; the age; the day
  3. tense
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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gaiyou
noun
  1. open sea; ocean
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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hiroi
i adjective
  1. spacious; vast; wide
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suiiki
noun
  1. waters; water area
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de
particle
  1. at; in (indicates location of action; にて is the formal literary form)
  2. at; when (indicates time of action)
  3. by; with (indicates means of action)
conjunction
  1. and then; so
auxiliary
  1. and; then (indicates continuing action; alternative form of 〜て used for some verb types)
particle
  1. let me tell you; don't you know (at sentence-end; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.)
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waru

Potential Plain te-form

warete
godan verb, transitive verb
  1. to divide
  2. to cut; to halve; to separate; to split; to rip
  3. to break; to crack; to smash
  4. to dilute
  5. to fall below
  6. to discount
  7. to step over (a line, etc.)
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wareru

te-form

warete
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to break; to be smashed
  2. to split; to crack; to fissure; to be torn
  3. to be divided (opinion, vote, etc.); to split (e.g. of a party)
  4. to come to light; to become clear; to be identified; to be revealed
  5. to be distorted (of a sound)
  6. to be divisible (without a remainder)
  7. to go below a minimum
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Suffix after the te form of a verb
shimau
auxiliary verb, godan verb
  1. to do completely; to finish (after the -te form of a verb)
  2. to do accidentally; to do without meaning to; to happen to do (after the -te form of a verb)
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