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Furigana Show|Add to ▼ Source Totoeba Project
But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face. I will listen to you, especially when we disagree. And above all, I will ask you to join in the work of remaking this nation, the only way it's been done in America for 221 years; block by block, brick by brick, calloused hand by calloused hand.
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Vocabulary list

keredomo
conjunction, particle
  1. but; however; although
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watashitachi
pronoun
  1. we; us
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watashi
pronoun
  1. I; me (slightly formal or feminine)
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tachi
suffix
  1. pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
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ga
particle
  1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
  2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
conjunction
  1. but; however; still; and
  2. regardless of; whether (or not) (after the volitional form of a verb)
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douiu
pre-noun adjectival
  1. somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
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chousen
noun, suru verb
  1. challenge; defiance; dare; attempt; try
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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chokumen
noun
  1. confrontation
suru verb
  1. to face; to confront; to encounter
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suru

te-form

shite
suru verb (irregular)
  1. to do; to carry out; to perform
  2. to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  3. to serve as; to act as; to work as
  4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  5. to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as (as 〜にする,〜とする)
  6. to decide on; to choose (as 〜にする)
suru verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) (as 〜がする)
  2. to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  3. to be worth; to cost
  4. to pass (of time); to elapse
suru verb (irregular), transitive verb
  1. to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B (as AをBにする)
  2. to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B (as AをBにする)
  3. to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B (as AをBにする)
  4. to feel A about B (as AをBにする)
suffix, suru verb (irregular)
  1. verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
auxiliary verb, suru verb (irregular)
  1. creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  2. to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to (as 〜うとする,〜ようとする)
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Suffix after the te form of a verb
iru
ichidan verb, auxiliary verb
  1. to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing (after the -te form of a verb; indicates continuing action or state)
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noka
particle
  1. endorsing and questioning the preceding statement (sentence ending particle)
  2. lamenting reflections on the preceding statement (sentence ending particle)
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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ka
particle
  1. yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it? (used at sentence-end; indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical))
  2. or; whether or not (after each alternative)
  3. some- (e.g. something, someone) (after an interrogative)
  4. hmm; huh (indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; sometimes after other particles)
prefix
  1. very (emphatic prefix; usu. before an adjective)
suffix
  1. -al; -ial; -ic; -ical; -ish; -y (suffix forming adjectives or adverbs; after an indeclinable word)
adverb
  1. in that way
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watashi
pronoun
  1. I; me (slightly formal or feminine)
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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itsumo
adverb
  1. always; all the time; at all times
  2. never (with neg. verb)
no adjective, noun
  1. usual; regular; habitual; customary
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kanarazu
adverb
  1. always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively; invariably
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minasan
noun
  1. all; everyone; everybody
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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shoujiki
na adjective, noun
  1. honest; frank; candid; straightforward
adverb
  1. honestly; frankly
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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hanasu

Polite Present Indicative Form

hanashimasu
godan verb, transitive verb
  1. to talk; to speak; to converse; to chat
  2. to tell; to explain; to narrate; to mention; to describe; to discuss
  3. to speak (a language)
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watashi
pronoun
  1. I; me (slightly formal or feminine)
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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kanarazu
adverb
  1. always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively; invariably
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minasan
noun
  1. all; everyone; everybody
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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koe
noun
  1. voice
  2. singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); hoot
  3. voice; opinion (as expressed in words); view; wish; attitude; will
  4. sound
  5. sense (of something's arrival); feeling (usu. as ～の声を聞く)
  6. voice; voiced sound
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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mimiwokatamukeru

Polite Present Indicative Form

mimiwokatamukemasu
expression, ichidan verb
  1. to lend an ear; to hearken; to give an ear to; to listen carefully
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mimi
noun
  1. ear
  2. hearing
  3. edge; crust
  4. selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics); selvage
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wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
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katamukeru

Polite Present Indicative Form

katamukemasu
ichidan verb, transitive verb
  1. to incline; to lean; to tip; to tilt; to slant; to bend; to list
  2. to devote oneself to; to concentrate on; to pour one's energy into
  3. to ruin; to squander; to empty
  4. to drink (alcohol)
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iken
noun, suru verb, no adjective
  1. opinion; view; comment
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ga
particle
  1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
  2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
conjunction
  1. but; however; still; and
  2. regardless of; whether (or not) (after the volitional form of a verb)
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kuichigau
godan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to cross each other; to run counter to; to differ; to clash; to go awry
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toki
noun
  1. time; hour; moment (刻 signifies a time of day; 秋 signifies an important time)
noun, adverb
  1. occasion; case
noun
  1. chance; opportunity; season
  2. the times; the age; the day
  3. tense
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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tokuni
adverb
  1. particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
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jikkuri
adverb, adverb taking the to particle
  1. deliberately; carefully; thoroughly; without rushing
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adverb taking the to particle
to
particle
  1. with
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soshite
conjunction
  1. and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
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naniyorimo
adverb
  1. more than anything; above all else
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nani
pronoun
  1. what
  2. you-know-what; that thing
  3. whatsit; whachamacallit; what's-his-name; what's-her-name
adverb
  1. (not) at all; (not) in the slightest (with neg. sentence)
interjection
  1. what?; huh? (indicates surprise)
  2. hey! (indicates anger or irritability)
  3. oh, no (it's fine); why (it's nothing); oh (certainly not) (used to dismiss someone's worries, concerns, etc.)
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yorimo
expression
  1. in comparison to (emphatic form of より)
  2. rather than
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yori
particle
  1. than
  2. from; out of; since; at; on
  3. except; but; other than
adverb
  1. more
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mo
particle
  1. too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence)
  2. both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) (as ＡもＢも)
  3. even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than (used for emphasis or to express absence of doubt regarding a quantity, etc.)
  4. even if; even though; although; in spite of (often as 〜ても, 〜でも, 〜とも, etc.)
adverb
  1. further; more; again; another; the other
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watashi
pronoun
  1. I; me (slightly formal or feminine)
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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minasan
noun
  1. all; everyone; everybody
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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kono
pre-noun adjectival
  1. this (something or someone close to the speaker (including the speaker), or ideas expressed by the speaker)
  2. last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this (in ref. to a stretch of time or date)
  3. you (as in "you liar") (emphatic, accusatory, insulting)
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kuni
noun
  1. country; state
  2. region
  3. national government; central government
  4. home (i.e. hometown, home country)
  5. province (of Japan)
  6. land; earth
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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saiken
noun, suru verb
  1. rebuilding; reconstruction; rehabilitation
  2. protoform reconstruction
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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sanka
noun, suru verb
  1. participation; joining; entry; adherence
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suru
suru verb (irregular)
  1. to do; to carry out; to perform
  2. to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  3. to serve as; to act as; to work as
  4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  5. to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as (as 〜にする,〜とする)
  6. to decide on; to choose (as 〜にする)
suru verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) (as 〜がする)
  2. to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  3. to be worth; to cost
  4. to pass (of time); to elapse
suru verb (irregular), transitive verb
  1. to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B (as AをBにする)
  2. to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B (as AをBにする)
  3. to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B (as AをBにする)
  4. to feel A about B (as AをBにする)
suffix, suru verb (irregular)
  1. verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
auxiliary verb, suru verb (irregular)
  1. creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  2. to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to (as 〜うとする,〜ようとする)
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you
noun, used as a suffix, noun
  1. appearing ...; looking ... (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb)
  2. way to ...; method of ...ing (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb)
  3. form; style; design (usu. after a noun)
  4. like; similar to (usu. after a noun)
noun
  1. thing (thought or spoken)
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onegaishimasu
expression
  1. please
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onegai
noun, suru verb
  1. request; favour (to ask); wish
interjection
  1. please
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suru

Polite Present Indicative Form

shimasu
suru verb (irregular)
  1. to do; to carry out; to perform
  2. to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  3. to serve as; to act as; to work as
  4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  5. to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as (as 〜にする,〜とする)
  6. to decide on; to choose (as 〜にする)
suru verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) (as 〜がする)
  2. to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  3. to be worth; to cost
  4. to pass (of time); to elapse
suru verb (irregular), transitive verb
  1. to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B (as AをBにする)
  2. to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B (as AをBにする)
  3. to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B (as AをBにする)
  4. to feel A about B (as AをBにする)
suffix, suru verb (irregular)
  1. verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
auxiliary verb, suru verb (irregular)
  1. creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  2. to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to (as 〜うとする,〜ようとする)
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kuni
noun
  1. country; state
  2. region
  3. national government; central government
  4. home (i.e. hometown, home country)
  5. province (of Japan)
  6. land; earth
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wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
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tatenaosu
godan verb, transitive verb
  1. to rebuild; to reconstruct
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toki
noun
  1. time; hour; moment (刻 signifies a time of day; 秋 signifies an important time)
noun, adverb
  1. occasion; case
noun
  1. chance; opportunity; season
  2. the times; the age; the day
  3. tense
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amerika
noun
  1. America
  2. United States of America
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de
particle
  1. at; in (indicates location of action; にて is the formal literary form)
  2. at; when (indicates time of action)
  3. by; with (indicates means of action)
conjunction
  1. and then; so
auxiliary
  1. and; then (indicates continuing action; alternative form of 〜て used for some verb types)
particle
  1. let me tell you; don't you know (at sentence-end; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.)
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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kako
noun, adverb, no adjective
  1. the past; bygone days
noun
  1. one's past (that one would prefer remained secret)
  2. past (tense); preterit; preterite
  3. previous life
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nenkan
noun, adverb
  1. (period of) a year
noun, used as a suffix
  1. during an era
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itsumo
adverb
  1. always; all the time; at all times
  2. never (with neg. verb)
no adjective, noun
  1. usual; regular; habitual; customary
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kanarazu
adverb
  1. always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively; invariably
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onajiyou
na adjective
  1. similar
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onaji
noun or verb acting prenominally, noun
  1. same; identical; equal; uniform; equivalent; similar; common (origin); changeless; alike
adverb
  1. anyway; anyhow; in either case (usu. part of a 'nara' conditional)
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youni
expression
  1. in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as)
  2. hoping or wishing for something
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you
noun, used as a suffix, noun
  1. appearing ...; looking ... (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb)
  2. way to ...; method of ...ing (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb)
  3. form; style; design (usu. after a noun)
  4. like; similar to (usu. after a noun)
noun
  1. thing (thought or spoken)
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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yattekuru

Plain Past Indicative Form

yattekita
expression, kuru verb
  1. to come along; to come around; to turn up
  2. to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
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sasakureru

Plain Past Indicative Form

sasakureta
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to split finely; to splinter; to get frayed
  2. to become irritable
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tako
noun
  1. octopus
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darake
noun, used as a suffix
  1. full of (e.g. mistakes); riddled with
  2. covered all over with (blood, mud, etc.)
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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te
noun
  1. hand; arm (occ. pronounced た when a prefix)
  2. forepaw; foreleg
  3. handle
  4. hand; worker; help
  5. trouble; care; effort
  6. means; way; trick; move; technique; workmanship
  7. hand; handwriting
  8. kind; type; sort
  9. one's hands; one's possession
  10. ability to cope
  11. hand (of cards)
  12. direction
noun, noun, used as a suffix, counter
  1. move (in go, shogi, etc.)
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de
particle
  1. at; in (indicates location of action; にて is the formal literary form)
  2. at; when (indicates time of action)
  3. by; with (indicates means of action)
conjunction
  1. and then; so
auxiliary
  1. and; then (indicates continuing action; alternative form of 〜て used for some verb types)
particle
  1. let me tell you; don't you know (at sentence-end; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.)
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burokku
noun, suru verb
  1. blocking (e.g. the way); obstructing
noun
  1. block (lump of something (usu. square), area of town, etc.)
noun, suru verb
  1. block; physical record (e.g. on magnetic tape)
noun
  1. concrete block
noun, suru verb
  1. blocking (from view, esp. of websites, on social media, etc.)
  2. blocking (a blow)
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wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
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ichimai
noun
  1. one thin flat object; one sheet
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ichi
numeric, prefix
  1. one (壱, 弌 and 壹 are used in legal documents)
no adjective, suffix
  1. best
no adjective
  1. first; foremost
noun
  1. beginning; start
noun, used as a prefix
  1. a (single); one (of many) (before a noun)
noun
  1. ace (playing card)
  2. bottom string (on a shamisen, etc.)
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mai
counter
  1. counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper)
  2. counter for positions or roles
  3. counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba)
  4. counter for ranking level
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ichimai
noun
  1. one thin flat object; one sheet
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ichi
numeric, prefix
  1. one (壱, 弌 and 壹 are used in legal documents)
no adjective, suffix
  1. best
no adjective
  1. first; foremost
noun
  1. beginning; start
noun, used as a prefix
  1. a (single); one (of many) (before a noun)
noun
  1. ace (playing card)
  2. bottom string (on a shamisen, etc.)
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mai
counter
  1. counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper)
  2. counter for positions or roles
  3. counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba)
  4. counter for ranking level
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tsumiageru

masu stem

tsumiage
ichidan verb, transitive verb
  1. to pile up; to make a heap; to lay (e.g. bricks)
  2. to acquire (e.g. experience); to build (a reputation)
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renga
noun
  1. brick
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wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
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ichimai
noun
  1. one thin flat object; one sheet
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ichi
numeric, prefix
  1. one (壱, 弌 and 壹 are used in legal documents)
no adjective, suffix
  1. best
no adjective
  1. first; foremost
noun
  1. beginning; start
noun, used as a prefix
  1. a (single); one (of many) (before a noun)
noun
  1. ace (playing card)
  2. bottom string (on a shamisen, etc.)
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mai
counter
  1. counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper)
  2. counter for positions or roles
  3. counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba)
  4. counter for ranking level
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ichimai
noun
  1. one thin flat object; one sheet
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ichi
numeric, prefix
  1. one (壱, 弌 and 壹 are used in legal documents)
no adjective, suffix
  1. best
no adjective
  1. first; foremost
noun
  1. beginning; start
noun, used as a prefix
  1. a (single); one (of many) (before a noun)
noun
  1. ace (playing card)
  2. bottom string (on a shamisen, etc.)
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mai
counter
  1. counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper)
  2. counter for positions or roles
  3. counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba)
  4. counter for ranking level
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tsumiageru

te-form

tsumiagete
ichidan verb, transitive verb
  1. to pile up; to make a heap; to lay (e.g. bricks)
  2. to acquire (e.g. experience); to build (a reputation)
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Suffix after the te form of a verb
kuru

Plain Past Indicative Form

kita
kuru verb, intransitive verb, auxiliary verb
  1. to come back; to do ... and come back (after the -te form of a verb)
  2. to come to be; to become; to get; to grow; to continue (after the -te form of a verb)
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nodesu
expression
  1. the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ... (の and ん add emphasis)
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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da

Polite Present Indicative Form

desu
copula
  1. be; is (plain copula)
auxiliary verb
  1. did; (have) done (た after certain verb forms; indicates past or completed action)
  2. please; do (indicates light imperative)
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