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And tonight, I think about all that she's seen throughout her century in America. The heartache and the hope, the struggle and the progress. The times we were told that we can't, and the people who pressed on with that American creed: Yes, we can.
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Vocabulary list

sarani
adverb, conjunction
  1. furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
watashi
pronoun
  1. I; me (slightly formal or feminine)
ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
konban
noun, adverb
  1. tonight; this evening
amerika
noun
  1. America
  2. United States of America
de
particle
  1. at; in (indicates location of action; にて is the formal literary form)
  2. at; when (indicates time of action)
  3. by; with (indicates means of action)
conjunction
  1. and then; so
auxiliary
  1. and; then (indicates continuing action; alternative form of 〜て used for some verb types)
particle
  1. let me tell you; don't you know (at sentence-end; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.)
ikiru

Plain Past Indicative Form

ikita
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to live; to exist
  2. to make a living; to subsist
  3. to be in effect; to be in use; to function
  4. to come to life; to be enlivened
  5. to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
hyakunen
  1. one hundred years; 100 years
nen
noun
  1. year
counter
  1. counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school)
noun
  1. period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
ijou
noun, adverb
  1. not less than; ... and over; ... and above; ... and upwards; ... or more
  2. beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; more than; further than
no adjective, noun, adverb
  1. above-mentioned; aforementioned; foregoing
noun, adverb
  1. since ...; seeing that ...; now that ...; once ...
expression
  1. that's all; that is the end; the end
no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
aidani
adverb
  1. while; during (the time when)
aida
noun
  1. space (between); gap; interval; distance; stretch
noun, adverb
  1. period of time (during, while); duration; interval
noun
  1. between (two parties or things)
  2. among (a group)
  3. relations (between); relationship
  4. midpoint; average; halfway; middle ground
conjunction
  1. due to; because of
ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
san
suffix
  1. Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; Ms.; -san (after a person's name (or position, etc.))
  2. politeness marker (usu. after a noun or sometimes na-adjective)
ga
particle
  1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
  2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
conjunction
  1. but; however; still; and
  2. regardless of; whether (or not) (after the volitional form of a verb)
menisuru

Plain Past Indicative Form

menishita
expression, suru verb (irregular)
  1. to see; to witness; to observe; to catch sight of; to get a glimpse of; to encounter
me
noun
  1. eye; eyeball
  2. eyesight; sight; vision
  3. look; stare; gaze; glance
  4. notice; attention; observation; eyes (of the world, public, etc.)
  5. an experience
  6. viewpoint
  7. discrimination; discernment; judgement; eye (e.g. for quality)
  8. appearance
  9. chance to succeed; possibility
  10. spacing (between crossed strands of a net, mesh, etc.); opening; stitch; texture; weave
  11. grain (of wood)
  12. eye (of a storm, needle, etc.)
  13. intersection (on a go board); square (on a chess board)
  14. dot (on a dice); pip; rolled number
  15. graduation; division (of a scale)
  16. tooth (of a saw, comb, etc.)
suffix
  1. ordinal number suffix
  2. somewhat; -ish (after adj. stem)
  3. point (e.g. of change) (following -masu stem)
ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
suru

Plain Past Indicative Form

shita
suru verb (irregular)
  1. to do; to carry out; to perform
  2. to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  3. to serve as; to act as; to work as
  4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  5. to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as (as 〜にする,〜とする)
  6. to decide on; to choose (as 〜にする)
suru verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) (as 〜がする)
  2. to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  3. to be worth; to cost
  4. to pass (of time); to elapse
suru verb (irregular), transitive verb
  1. to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B (as AをBにする)
  2. to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B (as AをBにする)
  3. to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B (as AをBにする)
  4. to feel A about B (as AをBにする)
suffix, suru verb (irregular)
  1. verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
auxiliary verb, suru verb (irregular)
  1. creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  2. to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to (as 〜うとする,〜ようとする)
aritoarayuru
expression, pre-noun adjectival
  1. every conceivable; every single; every possible; all kinds of
dekigoto
noun
  1. incident; affair; happening; event
wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
omou

te-form

omotte
godan verb, transitive verb
  1. to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon (想う has connotations of heart-felt)
  2. to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
  3. to judge; to assess; to regard
  4. to imagine; to suppose; to dream
  5. to expect; to look forward to
  6. to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
  7. to recall; to remember
Suffix after the te form of a verb
iru

Polite Present Indicative Form

imasu
ichidan verb, auxiliary verb
  1. to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing (after the -te form of a verb; indicates continuing action or state)
kokoro
noun
  1. mind; heart; spirit
  2. the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
yaburu

Passive Plain Present Indicative Form

yaburareru
godan verb, transitive verb
  1. to tear; to rip; to break; to destroy
  2. to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach
  3. to defeat; to beat
  4. to break (e.g. silence); to disturb (e.g. peace); to shatter (e.g. dream); to disrupt; to spoil
  5. to violate (e.g. rule); to break (e.g. promise); to infringe
  6. to break (a record)
hodo
noun, adverb
  1. extent; degree; measure
noun
  1. limit; bounds
  2. (span of) time
  3. (a) distance
  4. the state of; the status of; the condition of (as 〜のほど)
particle
  1. about; around; approximately; or so
  2. as much as ...; to the extent of ...; like ...
  3. the more ... the more ... (oft. as 〜ば...ほど)
no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
kanashimi
noun
  1. sadness; sorrow; grief
  2. affection; love
soshite
conjunction
  1. and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
kibou
noun, suru verb
  1. hope; wish; aspiration
konnan
noun, na adjective
  1. difficulty; hardship; trouble; distress
  2. infeasibility; inability (to carry out)
to
particle, conjunction
  1. if; when
  2. and
particle
  1. with
  2. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
noun
  1. promoted pawn
particle
  1. indicates a question (at sentence end)
soshite
conjunction
  1. and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
shinpo
noun, suru verb
  1. progress; advance; improvement; development
sonna
pre-noun adjectival
  1. such; that sort of; that kind of; like that (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener)
interjection
  1. no way!; never!
koto
noun
  1. thing; matter
  2. incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  3. circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  4. work; business; affair
  5. after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
noun, used as a suffix
  1. nominalizing suffix
  2. pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
noun
  1. alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or (as AことB (A = alias, B = real name))
  2. necessity; need (as 〜ことはない)
  3. you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ... (as 〜ことだ)
ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
dekiru

Plain Present Indicative Negative Form

dekinai
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task
  2. to be ready; to be completed
  3. to be made; to be built
  4. to be good at; to be permitted (to do)
  5. to become intimate; to take up (with somebody)
  6. to grow; to be raised
  7. to become pregnant
to
particle, conjunction
  1. if; when
  2. and
particle
  1. with
  2. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
noun
  1. promoted pawn
particle
  1. indicates a question (at sentence end)
iu

Passive Plain masu stem

iware
godan verb
  1. to say; to utter; to declare
  2. to name; to call
  3. to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
tsuduku

Potential Plain Past Indicative Form

tsuduketa
godan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to continue; to last; to go on
  2. to continue (without a break); to be unbroken
  3. to occur again and again
  4. to lead to; to connect to; to adjoin
  5. to come after; to follow; to succeed; to rank next to
  6. to hold out; to keep; to last
koto
noun
  1. thing; matter
  2. incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  3. circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  4. work; business; affair
  5. after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
noun, used as a suffix
  1. nominalizing suffix
  2. pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
noun
  1. alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or (as AことB (A = alias, B = real name))
  2. necessity; need (as 〜ことはない)
  3. you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ... (as 〜ことだ)
nimokakawarazu
expression, conjunction
  1. in spite of; nevertheless; although; despite; no matter the; regardless of
nimo
expression
  1. also; too; not ... either; as well; even
  2. (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise (after the volitional or dictionary form of verb)
ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
mo
particle
  1. too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence)
  2. both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) (as AもBも)
  3. even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than (used for emphasis or to express absence of doubt regarding a quantity, etc.)
  4. even if; even though; although; in spite of (often as 〜ても, 〜でも, 〜とも, etc.)
adverb
  1. further; more; again; another; the other
kakawaru

Formal Present Indicative Negative Form

kakawarazu
godan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to be affected; to be influenced
  2. to be concerned with; to have to do with
  3. to stick to (opinions)
hitamuki
na adjective
  1. earnest; single-minded
ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
zenshin
noun, suru verb
  1. advance; moving forward; progress
suru

masu stem

shi
suru verb (irregular)
  1. to do; to carry out; to perform
  2. to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  3. to serve as; to act as; to work as
  4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  5. to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as (as 〜にする,〜とする)
  6. to decide on; to choose (as 〜にする)
suru verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) (as 〜がする)
  2. to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  3. to be worth; to cost
  4. to pass (of time); to elapse
suru verb (irregular), transitive verb
  1. to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B (as AをBにする)
  2. to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B (as AをBにする)
  3. to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B (as AをBにする)
  4. to feel A about B (as AをBにする)
suffix, suru verb (irregular)
  1. verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
auxiliary verb, suru verb (irregular)
  1. creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  2. to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to (as 〜うとする,〜ようとする)
tsuduku

Potential Plain Past Indicative Form

tsuduketa
godan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to continue; to last; to go on
  2. to continue (without a break); to be unbroken
  3. to occur again and again
  4. to lead to; to connect to; to adjoin
  5. to come after; to follow; to succeed; to rank next to
  6. to hold out; to keep; to last
hitotachi
noun
  1. people
hito
noun
  1. man; person
  2. human being; mankind; people
  3. human (Homo sapiens); humans as a species
  4. character; personality
  5. man of talent; true man
  6. another person; other people; others
  7. adult
tachi
suffix
  1. pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
koto
noun
  1. thing; matter
  2. incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  3. circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  4. work; business; affair
  5. after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
noun, used as a suffix
  1. nominalizing suffix
  2. pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
noun
  1. alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or (as AことB (A = alias, B = real name))
  2. necessity; need (as 〜ことはない)
  3. you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ... (as 〜ことだ)
ano
pre-noun adjectival
  1. that; those; the (someone or something distant from both speaker and listener, or situation unfamiliar to both speaker and listener)
ikanimo
adverb
  1. indeed; really; truly; just (like) (indicating emotive conviction)
  2. very; extremely; totally; terribly
adverb, interjection
  1. absolutely; certainly; for sure (indicating agreement)
amerika
noun
  1. America
  2. United States of America
teki
suffix, na adjective
  1. -ical; -ive; -al; -ic; -y (used to form adjectives from nouns)
  2. -like; -ish; -sort of; -kind of
  3. (something) like; along the lines of (used similarly to a quoting particle, esp. as 的な or 的なこと)
  4. -wise; in terms of; for; from the viewpoint of; from a ... standpoint; as far as ... is concerned (after a noun or pronoun, esp. adverbially as ~に(は))
suffix
  1. Mr.; Ms.; Mrs. (used as a form of address with names, work titles, etc. to denote either light disdain or familiarity)
na
particle
  1. don't (prohibitive; used with dictionary form verb)
  2. do (imperative (from なさい); used with -masu stem of verb)
interjection
  1. hey; listen; you
particle
  1. now, ...; well, ...; I tell you!; you know (when seeking confirmation, for emphasis, etc.; used at sentence end)
  2. wow; ooh (used to express admiration, emotionality, etc.; used at sentence end)
shinjou
noun, no adjective
  1. creed; belief; conviction; article of faith
wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
kakageru

te-form

kakagete
ichidan verb, transitive verb
  1. to put up (a notice, sign, etc.); to hang out (e.g. a banner); to fly (e.g. a flag); to hoist; to raise; to display
  2. to hold up high; to raise overhead
  3. to tout (a principle, plan, etc.); to herald; to hold up (an ideal); to parade (e.g. a slogan)
  4. to publish; to print; to carry (e.g. an article)
  5. to tuck up (e.g. sleeves); to roll up
  6. to stoke (a fire); to fan (a flame)
watashitachi
pronoun
  1. we; us
watashi
pronoun
  1. I; me (slightly formal or feminine)
tachi
suffix
  1. pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
niha
expression, particle
  1. to; for; on; in; at (emphasises word marked by に)
  2. in order to; for
  3. as for; regarding (indicates respect for subject of sentence)
  4. while it is (was) the case that ...; indeed ... (but); certainly ... (but) (as AにはAが...; emphasizes the repeated word, followed by a contrasting statement)
ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
dekiru
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task
  2. to be ready; to be completed
  3. to be made; to be built
  4. to be good at; to be permitted (to do)
  5. to become intimate; to take up (with somebody)
  6. to grow; to be raised
  7. to become pregnant
to
particle, conjunction
  1. if; when
  2. and
particle
  1. with
  2. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
noun
  1. promoted pawn
particle
  1. indicates a question (at sentence end)

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