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Furigana Show|Add to ▼ Source Totoeba Project
He grimaced as if memories of his bitter past were crashing like waves inside his head.
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Vocabulary list

tsurai
i adjective
  1. painful; bitter; heart-breaking; difficult (emotionally)
  2. tough; difficult; hard (usu. of situations)
  3. cruel; harsh; cold
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kako
noun, adverb, no adjective
  1. the past; bygone days
noun
  1. one's past (that one would prefer remained secret)
  2. past (tense); preterit; preterite
  3. previous life
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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kioku
noun, suru verb
  1. memory; recollection; remembrance
  2. storage
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ga
particle
  1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
  2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
conjunction
  1. but; however; still; and
  2. regardless of; whether (or not) (after the volitional form of a verb)
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nami
noun
  1. wave
  2. ups and downs
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noyouni
expression, adverb
  1. like; similar to
  2. as with; in the same way
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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youni
expression
  1. in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as)
  2. hoping or wishing for something
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you
noun, used as a suffix, noun
  1. appearing ...; looking ... (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb)
  2. way to ...; method of ...ing (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb)
  3. form; style; design (usu. after a noun)
  4. like; similar to (usu. after a noun)
noun
  1. thing (thought or spoken)
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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kare
pronoun
  1. he; him
noun
  1. boyfriend
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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atama
noun
  1. head
  2. hair (on one's head)
  3. mind; brains; intellect
  4. leader; chief; boss; captain
  5. top; tip
  6. beginning; start
  7. head; person
  8. down payment; deposit
  9. top structural component of a kanji
  10. pair
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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naka
noun
  1. inside; interior
noun, adverb
  1. among; within
noun
  1. middle; center; centre
noun, adverb
  1. during; while; middle; midst; amid
noun
  1. interval; gap
  2. mean; average
no adjective, noun
  1. second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
noun, no adjective
  1. medium grade; medium quality
noun
  1. red-light district
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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uchiyoseru

te-form

uchiyosete
ichidan verb
  1. to break onto (shore); to wash ashore; to attack
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Suffix after the te form of a verb
iru
ichidan verb, auxiliary verb
  1. to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing (after the -te form of a verb; indicates continuing action or state)
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noka
particle
  1. endorsing and questioning the preceding statement (sentence ending particle)
  2. lamenting reflections on the preceding statement (sentence ending particle)
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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ka
particle
  1. yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it? (used at sentence-end; indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical))
  2. or; whether or not (after each alternative)
  3. some- (e.g. something, someone) (after an interrogative)
  4. hmm; huh (indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; sometimes after other particles)
prefix
  1. very (emphatic prefix; usu. before an adjective)
suffix
  1. -al; -ial; -ic; -ical; -ish; -y (suffix forming adjectives or adverbs; after an indeclinable word)
adverb
  1. in that way
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kare
pronoun
  1. he; him
noun
  1. boyfriend
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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juumen
noun, no adjective
  1. grimace; sullen face
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wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
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tsukuru
tsukuru
tsukuru

Plain Past Indicative Form

tsukutta
godan verb, transitive verb
  1. to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct (造る usu. for large-scale building, manufacturing, etc.; 創る usu. for creating)
  2. to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol)
  3. to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train
  4. to till
  5. to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write
  6. to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose
  7. to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found
  8. to have (a child)
  9. to make up (one's face, etc.)
  10. to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
  11. to give a (false) appearance; to feign (a smile, etc.); to put on a show of emotion
  12. to form (a line, etc.)
  13. to set (a record)
  14. to commit (a sin, etc.)
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