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Japanese Sentence with English Translation

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Have you read "Structure and Power - Beyond Semiotics" by Akira Asada?
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Vocabulary list

no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
kouzou
noun
  1. structure; construction; makeup; framework; organization; pattern
to
particle, conjunction
  1. if; when
  2. and
particle
  1. with
  2. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
noun
  1. promoted pawn
particle
  1. indicates a question (at sentence end)
chikara
noun
  1. force; strength; might; vigour; vigor; energy
  2. capability; ability; proficiency; capacity; faculty
  3. efficacy; effect
  4. effort; endeavours; endeavors; exertions
  5. power; authority; influence; good offices; agency
  6. support; help; aid; assistance
  7. stress; emphasis
  8. means; resources
riki
noun
  1. strength; power; proficiency; ability
noun, used as a suffix
  1. the strength of ... people; the strength of ... men (after a number of people, e.g. 十人力)
kigouron
noun
  1. semiotics
kigou
noun, no adjective
  1. symbol; code; sign; notation
ron
noun, noun, used as a suffix
  1. argument; discussion; dispute; controversy; discourse; debate
  2. theory (e.g. of evolution); doctrine
  3. essay; treatise; comment
wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
koeru

te-form

koete
ichidan verb, transitive verb
  1. to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to pass over (out of); to go beyond; to go past (esp. 越える)
  2. to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than) (esp. 超える)
wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
yomu

Plain Past Indicative Form

yonda
godan verb, transitive verb
  1. to read
  2. to count (now mostly used in idioms)
  3. to guess; to predict; to read (someone's thoughts); to see (e.g. into someone's heart); to divine
Suffix after the past tense of a verb
kotogaaru

Polite Present Indicative Form

kotogaarimasu
expression, godan verb (irregular)
  1. (for something) to have occurred; to have done (something) (after the past tense form of a verb)
koto
noun
  1. thing; matter
  2. incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  3. circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  4. work; business; affair
  5. after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
noun, used as a suffix
  1. nominalizing suffix
  2. pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
noun
  1. alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or (as AことB (A = alias, B = real name))
  2. necessity; need (as 〜ことはない)
  3. you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ... (as 〜ことだ)
ga
particle
  1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
  2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
conjunction
  1. but; however; still; and
  2. regardless of; whether (or not) (after the volitional form of a verb)
aru

Polite Present Indicative Form

arimasu
godan verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be; to exist; to live (usu. of inanimate objects)
  2. to have
  3. to be located
  4. to be equipped with
  5. to happen; to come about
ka
particle
  1. yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it? (used at sentence-end; indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical))
  2. or; whether or not (after each alternative)
  3. some- (e.g. something, someone) (after an interrogative)
  4. hmm; huh (indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; sometimes after other particles)
prefix
  1. very (emphatic prefix; usu. before an adjective)
suffix
  1. -al; -ial; -ic; -ical; -ish; -y (suffix forming adjectives or adverbs; after an indeclinable word)
adverb
  1. in that way

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