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Furigana Show|Add to ▼ Source Totoeba Project
Modern civilization rests on a foundation of science and education.
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Vocabulary list

gendaibunmei
noun
  1. modern civilization; modern civilisation
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gendai
noun, no adjective
  1. present age; present day; today
  2. modern era; modern times
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bunmei
noun
  1. civilization; civilisation; culture
  2. Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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kagaku
noun
  1. science
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to
particle, conjunction
  1. if; when
  2. and
particle
  1. with
  2. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
noun
  1. promoted pawn
particle
  1. indicates a question (at sentence end)
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kyouiku
noun, suru verb
  1. education; schooling; training; instruction; teaching; upbringing
  2. culture; cultivation; education
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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kiban
noun
  1. foundation; basis; base; footing; infrastructure
  2. bedrock
  3. substrate (circuit board)
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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ue
noun, no adjective, adverb, noun, used as a suffix
  1. above; up; over; elder (e.g. daughter)
noun
  1. top; summit; head (e.g. of a staircase)
  2. surface
noun, no adjective, adverb
  1. before; previous
noun, no adjective
  1. superiority; one's superior; one's elder
noun, adverb
  1. on top of that; besides; what's more; not only ... but (following a verb or adjective)
  2. upon (further inspection, etc.); based on (and occurring after) (following a verb or noun)
  3. matters concerning ...; as concerns ...
  4. since (i.e. "for that reason") (as ～上は)
noun, used as a suffix
  1. honorable; venerable (suffix indicating higher social standing than the speaker)
  2. place of one's superior (e.g. the throne)
  3. emperor; sovereign; shogun; daimyo
  4. noblewoman (esp. the wife of a nobleman)
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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naritatsu

te-form

naritatte
godan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to consist of; to be made up of; to be composed of
  2. to be concluded (e.g. of an agreement); to hold true (e.g. of a theory); to be valid
  3. to be viable (of a business, lifestyle, etc.); to carry on; to keep going
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Suffix after the te form of a verb
iru
ichidan verb, auxiliary verb
  1. to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing (after the -te form of a verb; indicates continuing action or state)
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