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Furigana Show|Add to ▼ Source Totoeba Project
For centuries foreign language teaching focused on reading and writing.
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Vocabulary list

nani
pronoun
  1. what
  2. you-know-what; that thing
  3. whatsit; whachamacallit; what's-his-name; what's-her-name
adverb
  1. (not) at all; (not) in the slightest (with neg. sentence)
interjection
  1. what?; huh? (indicates surprise)
  2. hey! (indicates anger or irritability)
  3. oh, no (it's fine); why (it's nothing); oh (certainly not) (used to dismiss someone's worries, concerns, etc.)
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seiki
noun
  1. century
  2. era
no adjective
  1. of the century (e.g. fight of the century)
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nimo
expression
  1. also; too; not ... either; as well; even
  2. (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise (after the volitional or dictionary form of verb)
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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mo
particle
  1. too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence)
  2. both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) (as ＡもＢも)
  3. even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than (used for emphasis or to express absence of doubt regarding a quantity, etc.)
  4. even if; even though; although; in spite of (often as 〜ても, 〜でも, 〜とも, etc.)
adverb
  1. further; more; again; another; the other
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yomikaki
noun
  1. reading and writing
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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shoutenwoshiboru
expression, godan verb
  1. to narrow the focus; to focus attention (on); to concentrate (on); to zero in
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shouten
noun, no adjective
  1. focus (e.g. photographic); focal point
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wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
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shiboru
godan verb, transitive verb
  1. to wring (towel, rag); to squeeze (esp. 絞る)
  2. to squeeze (fruit to extract juice); to press; to extract; to milk; to express milk (esp. 搾る)
  3. to rack (one's brains); to strain (one's voice)
  4. to extort; to exploit
  5. to chew out; to reprimand severely; to rake over the coals; to give a sound scolding; to tell someone off; to scold; to rebuke (often passive voice)
  6. to drill into; to train
  7. to narrow down (one's focus); to whittle down
  8. to gather up (curtain, etc.); to tighten (drawstring)
  9. to stop down (lens)
  10. to turn down (e.g. radio)
  11. to bend (bow); to draw
  12. to hold down; to constrict; to immobilize
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gogaku
noun
  1. study of foreign languages
  2. linguistics
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kyouiku
noun, suru verb
  1. education; schooling; training; instruction; teaching; upbringing
  2. culture; cultivation; education
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dearu
copula, godan verb (irregular)
  1. be; is
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de
particle
  1. at; in (indicates location of action; にて is the formal literary form)
  2. at; when (indicates time of action)
  3. by; with (indicates means of action)
conjunction
  1. and then; so
auxiliary
  1. and; then (indicates continuing action; alternative form of 〜て used for some verb types)
particle
  1. let me tell you; don't you know (at sentence-end; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.)
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aru
godan verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be; to exist; to live (usu. of inanimate objects)
  2. to have
  3. to be located
  4. to be equipped with
  5. to happen; to come about
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