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Furigana Show|Add to ▼ Source Totoeba Project
This book says the earliest man-made bridges date back to the New Stone Age.
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Vocabulary list

kono
pre-noun adjectival
  1. this (something or someone close to the speaker (including the speaker), or ideas expressed by the speaker)
  2. last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this (in ref. to a stretch of time or date)
  3. you (as in "you liar") (emphatic, accusatory, insulting)
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hon
noun
  1. book; volume; script
prefix
  1. this; present
  2. main; head
  3. real; regular
suffix, counter
  1. counter for long cylindrical things; counter for films, TV shows, etc.; counter for goals, home runs, etc.; counter for telephone calls (sometimes pronounced ぼん or ぽん)
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niyoru

Provisional Present Indicative Form

niyoreba
expression, godan verb
  1. by means of; due to; because of; according to
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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yoru

Provisional Present Indicative Form

yoreba
godan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to be due to; to be caused by (esp. 依る;拠る)
  2. to depend on; to turn on (esp. 依る)
  3. to be based on; to come from (esp. 因る;由る)
  4. to be based at (a location, an organization); to be headquartered at (esp. 拠る)
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saisho
no adjective, noun, adverb
  1. beginning; outset; first; onset
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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jinkou
noun, no adjective
  1. artificial; man-made; human work; human skill; artificiality
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kyouryou
noun
  1. bridge
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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shinsekkijidai
noun
  1. Neolithic; New Stone Age
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shin
prefix
  1. new; neo-
noun
  1. newness; novelty
  2. Gregorian calendar
  3. Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE); Hsin dynasty
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sekkijidai
noun
  1. Stone Age
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sekki
noun
  1. stone implement (e.g. stone age arrowheads); stone tool
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jidai
noun
  1. period; epoch; era; age
  2. the times; those days
  3. oldness; ancientness; antiquity
  4. antique; period piece
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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sakanoboru
godan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to go upstream
  2. to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to; to make retroactive
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toiu
expression
  1. called; named; that says; that
  2. as many as; as much as (after a quantity)
  3. all ...; every single ... (as ...という...)
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to
particle, conjunction
  1. if; when
  2. and
particle
  1. with
  2. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
noun
  1. promoted pawn
particle
  1. indicates a question (at sentence end)
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iu
godan verb
  1. to say; to utter; to declare
  2. to name; to call
  3. to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
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